Gold Standard Framework - Advance Care Planning (2023)

‘Advance care planning’(ACP)is the term used to describe the conversation between people, their families and carers and those looking after them about their future wishes and priorities for care.

Advance Care planning is key means of improving care for people nearing the end of life and of enabling better planning and provision of care, to help them live well and die wellin the place and the manner of their choosing.It enables people to discuss and record their future health and care wishes and also to appoint someone as an advocate or surrogate, thus making the likelihood of these wishes being known and respected at the end of life.

The main goal is to clarify peoples’ wishes, needs and preferences and deliver care to meet these needs.

Advance care planning is a process that supports adults at any age or stage of health in understanding and sharing their personal values, life goals, and preferences regarding future medical care. The goal of advance care planning is to help ensure that people receive medical care that is consistent with their values, goals and preferences during serious and chronic illness.’

International
Consensus Definition of Advance Care Planning(Sudore et al 2017)

In some areas this is known by other terms such as personalised care planning, anticipatory care, etc., but ACP is generally the internationally recognised term used by over 40 countries. It is in line with the UK Mental Capacity Act 2005.

ACP for everyone – what this means for us all

Gold Standard Framework - Advance Care Planning (1)Advance Care Planning is a way to think ahead, to describe what’s important to you and to ensure other people know your wishes for the future.It’s about helping you to live well right to the end of your life.

Thinking ahead, discussing with others and writing things down means that your wishes are known and respected, and you’re more likely to receive the kind of care you want in the place you chooseif you become unwell, or if you could no longer speak for yourself.

Advance care Planning is a very simple process – it’s just 5 simple steps.

(Video) GSF Advance Care Planning

See our Animated ACP video here.........

Gold Standard Framework - Advance Care Planning (2)

Thinking Ahead / Advance Care Planning Discussion

Gold Standard Framework - Advance Care Planning (4)

The GSF Thinking Ahead Advance Statement includes

  • At this time in your life, what is important to you?
  • What elements of care are important to you and what WOULD you like to happen in future?
  • What would you NOT want to happen? Is there anything that you worry about or fear happening?
  • Who would speak for you - your nominated proxy spokesperson or Lasting Power of Attorney?


In addition it asks

  • Do you have a legal refusal of treatment or ADRT?
  • If your condition deteriorates where would you like to be cared for (different options or choices)?
  • Do you have any special requests, preferences, or other comments?
  • Are there any comments or additions from other people you are close to? (Please name)

NB: See also any separate DNACPR/AND or ADRT documents.

Advance Care (ACP) for health and social care providers

(Video) ACP Step 1 - THINK

Advance Care Planning (ACP) is a structured discussion with patients and their families or carers about their wishes and thoughts for the future. In essence ACP is an important yet simple conversation that can change practice and empower patients.

Health and social care providers play a key role in introducing ACP discussions at important stages of peoples’ lives eg during admission to hospital if their condition deteriorates, with their GP or when admitted to a care home (Step 4 and 5 above). But many people will already have considered these things (Steps, 1,2, and 3) even if they have not written anything down, so it is increasingly important to ask if they have discussed this or have an ACP already, to guide further discussions.

Advance Care Planning discussions in the UK in relation to the Mental Capacity Act

We encourage all people to be given the chance to clarify their wishes, needs and preferencesfor the kind of care they would like to receive and the means of leading a fuller life meanwhile. These include

  1. What you want to happen or an Advance Statements of preferences (AS) (not legally binding)

  2. What you don’t want to happen and a few might wish to describe specific medical interventions they don’t want to happen, through Advance Decisions to Refuse Treatments (ADRT), plus their thoughts on resuscitation (DNACPR or RESPECT) or if they want to be allowed to die naturally (Allow Natural Death/ AND).

  3. Who will speak for you - Most will also wish to say who might speak for the – proxy spokesperson or legal Lasting Power of Attorney. This is important particularly if it is related to the development of future incapacity, but is important for all to express their wishes.
    Gold Standard Framework - Advance Care Planning (5)


Advance care planning discussions open up a space in which such plans and reflections can be discussed, a place for contemplating future outcomes and eventualities within a safe environment in order to maximise life in the present. There can be a deeper significance of this discussion, in drawing closer to the person’s sense of meaning and core values, of the way they make sense of the world and inner life and in enhancing not decreasing a sense of optimism, self- determination, control and hope.

It can be a process of discussions over time, a ‘relationship’ discussion with regular reviews and can helps catalyse deeper communication between patients and their families and loved ones. It need not be ‘over medicalised’ or too formalised, and could be undertaken by any involved in end of life care, though is best undertaken by experienced trained staff who know the person well, such as GPs, community nurses, care homes staff and specialists.

Using the Mental Capacity Act -This video explains the Mental Capacity Act and how it can protect the right to make choices. For people who need the Mental Capacity Act, their carers, and others.

GSF policy on ACP

GSF Summary Statement on ACP

‘Every appropriate person should be offered ACP discussions’ (mainly Advance Statements) by their usual/chosenhealthcare provider which then becomes an action plan against which quality of care is measured’

(Video) Conversations Change Lives: 1) Advance Care Planning: What Is It?

Advance Care Planning is a key part of all GSF Training Programmes in all settings and integrated as one of the building blocks to ensure proactive person-centred care, an assessed as a vital part within accreditation. All GSF accredited teams in primary care, care homes hospitals, etc., offer ACP discussions to identified patients. GSF accredited teams demonstrate more patients being offered ACP discussions to differing degrees (the 3 Levels of ACP).

To do this there are a number of documents and tools including several locally developed (see website for more examples). The actual tools follow similar lines - the tools used matter less than the process, butthe important thing is to have the discussion as part of the caring and therapeutic process.

Gold Standard Framework - Advance Care Planning (6)

Gold Standard Framework - Advance Care Planning (7)

There has been an evolving concept of ACP over recent decadesmoving from a more medically orientated ‘transactional ‘ model to the more person-centred model ‘transformational’ model.

The evolving balancing of both the medical ‘transactional ‘and personal ‘transformational’ models of advance care planning. (Thomas K, GSF Centre).

(Video) GSF Primary Care Silver Programme

Gold Standard Framework - Advance Care Planning (8)

Box 1.1: Overview of Advance Care Planning

Why do it? What are the benefits of ACP?

  • Enables greater autonomy, choice and control -respects the person's human rights, enabling a sense of retaining control, self-determination and empowerment.
  • Improves the quality of end of life care provided for individuals and populations
  • There is greater concordance with wishes if they have been discussed, for example more people die in their preferred place of death
  • Reduced unwanted or futile invasive interventions, treatments or hospital admissions, guiding those involved in care toprovide appropriate levels of treatment
  • Economically cost-effective in reducing costs
  • Enhanced proactive decision making reduces later burden on family and relieves anxiety
  • Enables better planning of care, including provision by care providers
  • Greater satisfaction, reduced anxiety and depression in bereaved relatives
  • The process can itself be therapeutic and enable resolution of relationships
  • Enables deeper discussions and consideration of spiritual or existential issues, reflection on meaning and priorities and encourage resilience and realistic hope.

Loss of capacity and ACP

ACP is important for those with the ability to make decisions now, to plan ahead and to live life as fully as possible until they die. It is also important to anticipate a time when they may not be able to make such decisions in future, and to plan for this eventuality. This aspect is stressed as a priority by some than by others, and it relates to the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and development of advocacy or best interest decisions, particularly in the context of the growing numbers of people with dementia. This is therefore extremely important in the many cases in which people are unable to make clear decisions at a crucial stage in their lives, not just due to dementia, but also due to changes in levels of consciousness and the incapacity of severe illness.

But in addition to this, it is also widely held that in fact the process of having this discussion is as important as the outcome. Advance Care Planning discussions can provide a possibility of clarifying future directions and choices so that the issues can be raised, examined and fully discussed, fears both trivial and huge can be clarified and addressed, and a more realistic and pragmatic approach can be taken to living out the final stage of life in the way that is important to that individual person.

Advance Statements, although they are not legally binding documents, are important and should be taken into account in decision making. The Mental Capacity Act section 4.6 affirms that Advance Statements of wishes can be taken into account when considering best interest and stated preference of the patient involved: “In determining for the purposes of this Act what is in a person's best interests.....He/she must consider....(a) the person's past and present wishes and feelings (and, in particular, any relevant written statement made bythem when they had capacity)."

NOTE: The second edition of the OUP book ‘Advance Care Planning and End of Life Care’ edited by Keri Thomas, Ben Lobo and Karen Detering is soon to be launched by the end 2017, with updated chapters, references and resources plus international chapters describing how ACP is used across many countries of the world.

  • Evidence that use of GSF helps improve Advance Care Planning Discussions in different settings - K Thomas, J AArmstrong Wilson,Foulger, T Tanner, National GSF Centre (Published September 2016)
  • An introduction to advance care planning in practice- A Mullick, J Martin and L Sallnow, BMJ 2013;347:f6064 doi: 10.1136/bmj.f6064 (Published 21 October 2013)
  • Thinking Ahead - Advance Care Planning (ACP)
  • NHS End of Life Care Programme -Advance Care Planning Powerpoint presentation 2008by Prof. Keri Thomas
  • GMC have new guidance for doctors,Treatment and care towards the end of life: good practice in decision making, came into effect on 1 July 2010
  • GMC End of Life Care Guidance: Learning Materials -Case Studies
  • GMC End of Life Care:Advance Care Planning
  • The National Council for Palliative Care - 'Planning for your future care' - a simple guide to introducing advance care planning discussions to patients.Click on icon to download the guide.

(Video) Advance Care Planning: Challenges and Opportunities: Second Webinar

Updated: 4/4/2018

FAQs

What is a gold standard framework in care? ›

What is GSF in practice? GSF is a practical systematic, evidence-based end of life care service improvement programme, identifying the right people, promoting the right care, in the right place, at the right time, every time. The training is for generalist front-line care providers.

What are the 7 key tasks for GSF? ›

Click on the headings above to reveal the correct description.
  • Communication. • A supportive care register is compiled to record, plan and monitor patient care. ...
  • Co-ordination. • ...
  • Control of Symptoms. • ...
  • Continuity. • ...
  • Continued Learning. • ...
  • Carer Support. • ...
  • Care in the Dying Phase. • ...
  • The Seven Cs of the GSF.

What are the 4 broad components of advance care planning? ›

Current thinking about advance care planning reveals it to be composed of behaviors including clarification of values; communication among patients, surrogates, and clinicians; and completion of written directives.

What are the principles of advance care planning? ›

The basic premise of ACP is that the person has the mental capacity to engage in the discussion at the time and fully understands any decision they choose to make about their future care. This is especially the case if the outcome of the discussion includes ADRT or the nomination of LPAs.

What does GSF mean in medical terms? ›

G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) is a type of protein called a growth factor. It is used to help your body make more white blood cells.

When was the gold standard framework introduced? ›

Abstract The Gold Standards Framework aims to optimize primary palliative care for patients nearing the end of their lives. This paper critically reviews the impact of the Gold Standards Framework since its introduction in 2001 and indicates direction for further research and development.

What is the gold standard for dementia care? ›

Julie Holt Klinger, senior director of dementia care for Brookdale Senior Living, said a general consensus exists that person-centered practices are the gold standard for dementia care.

What are the seven Cs of the Gold Standards Framework that enable high quality dementia care to be delivered? ›

Results: Through the integrative analysis seven key factors required for the delivery of good EoLC for people with dementia were identified: timely planning discussions; recognition of end of life and provision of supportive care; co-ordination of care; effective working relationships with primary care; managing ...

What is the purpose of advance care planning in relation to end of life care? ›

This is sometimes called advance care planning, and involves thinking and talking about your wishes for how you're cared for in the final months of your life. This can include treatments you do not want to have. Planning ahead like this can help you let people know your wishes and feelings while you're still able to.

What is the difference between a care plan and an advance care plan? ›

The difference between ACP and planning more generally is that the process of ACP is to make clear a person's wishes and will usually take place in the context of an anticipated deterioration in the individual's condition in the future, with attendant loss of capacity to make decisions and/or ability to communicate ...

What are care planning models? ›

Care planning follows a medical model of disability. Care planning follows a social model of disability. There is a focus on what the person is unable to do. There is a focus on goals and aspirations, what the person would like to achieve with their care and support.

What is the difference between an advance care plan and an advance care directive? ›

The directive is a formalised version of your advance care plan . It outlines your preferences for your future care along with your beliefs, values and goals. Having an advance care directive means you can also formally appoint a substitute decision-maker for when you can no longer make decisions yourself.

What is the importance of advance care planning? ›

Advance care planning is important in identifying early palliative care needs and recognising the end of life. Other benefits include less aggressive medical care and an improved quality of life near death. It also helps families prepare for the death of a loved one, resolve family conflict, and cope with bereavement.

Who completes advanced care planning? ›

Some people feel they need help from their nurse or doctor to fill in an ACP, but you can also complete one yourself. You can write your own or use the document provided by Dying Matters. Once completed you should keep a copy yourself and give a copy to anyone who's involved in your care.

What are the additional principles that you need to be aware of ACP? ›

The six principles for advance care planning are focused around: the person being central to the process, including deciding who else to involve. personalised conversations about future care being focused on what matters to them. outcomes of the conversations being agreed through shared decision making.

What does GCF stand for in medical terms? ›

Gingival crevicular fluids (GCFs) are a very specific oral cavity fluid that represents periodontal health. Due to their non-invasive sampling, they have attracted proteome research and are used as diagnostic fluids for periodontal diseases and drug analysis.

What does GSF mean in texting? ›

What does GSF stand for?
Rank Abbr.Meaning
GSFGay-Straight Forum
GSFGirls Schmirls Foundation (song by MXPX)
GSFGuardian Space Fleet (online fiction)
GSFGeneral Special Forces (gaming clan)
11 more rows

What is a gold standard assessment? ›

The term gold standard refers to a benchmark that is the available under reasonable conditions. Indeed, is not the perfect test, but merely the best available one that has a standard with known results. This is especially important when faced with the impossibility of direct measurements.

Which act of parliament provides a legal framework for advance care planning? ›

The Mental Capacity Act section 4.6 affirms that Advance Statements of wishes can be taken into account when considering best interest and stated preference of the patient involved: “In determining for the purposes of this Act what is in a person's best interests.....

What is ACP in palliative care? ›

Advance care planning involves talking about your values and the type of health care you would want to receive if you became seriously ill or injured and were unable to say what you want.

At what point do dementia patients need 24 hour care? ›

Late stage Alzheimer's symptoms can make a person unable to function and eventually lose control of movement. They need 24-hour care and supervision. They are unable to communicate, even to share that they are in pain, and are more vulnerable to infections, especially pneumonia.

Can someone with dementia be forced into a care home? ›

Can you force someone to move to a care home? You cannot force someone who is deemed to be of sound mind and able to care for themselves to move into a care home if they don't want to. It is vital that, throughout discussions regarding care, the person's wants and needs are addressed at all times.

Where is the best place for someone with dementia? ›

Residential care options include: Continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs)—a home, apartment, or room in a retirement community where people with Alzheimer's can live and get care. Some of these places are for people who can care for themselves, while others are for people who need care around-the-clock.

What is gold Star palliative care? ›

It is a programme for community palliative care designed to improve the organisation and quality of care that is offered to patients and their carers in the last 6-12 months of life. It provides primary healthcare teams with the tools needed to improve the planning of their palliative care.

What is the amber care bundle? ›

The AMBER care bundle aims to improve the quality of care for people whose recovery is uncertain and who may be approaching the end of their life. The AMBER care bundle means that we can: respond quickly to changes in your condition by monitoring you more regularly.

What is the Pepsi Cola assessment tool? ›

An aide memoire based on the 'pepsi-cola' acronym (physical, emotional, personal, social support, information/ communication, control, out of hours, living with your illness, after care) covering all points to consider in the assessment. It can also include brief information on resources and referral pathways.

What are 4 goals for end of life care? ›

Generally speaking, people who are dying need care in four areas: physical comfort, mental and emotional needs, spiritual needs, and practical tasks.

Why is ACP important in palliative care? ›

Advance care planning is a process to help you plan your medical care in advance. It is important because some time in the future you may become too unwell to make decisions for yourself. If you have no problems communicating and can make your own health decisions, your advance care plan will not need to be used.

What are the 6 stages of end of life care pathway? ›

  • The remit:
  • Step 1 Discussions as end of life approaches.
  • Step 2 Assessment, care planning and review.
  • Step 3 Coordination of care.
  • Step 4 Delivery of high quality care in care homes.
  • Step 5 Care in the last days of life.
  • Step 6 Care after death.

Is advance care planning a legal document? ›

An Advance Care Directive (Directive) is a legal document that a person with decision-making capacity makes about future health care decisions. It can be used to: Make specific decisions about future treatment.

What is advance care planning documentation? ›

Advance care planning (ACP) is an ongoing process in which patients, their families or other decision-makers, and their health care providers reflect on the patient's goals, values, and beliefs, discuss how they should inform current and future medical care, and ultimately use this information to accurately document ...

What are the 5 stages of the care planning process? ›

Care plans are structured as a five-step framework: assessment, diagnosis, outcomes and planning, implementation, and evaluation.

What are the three types of care plans? ›

They include; "nursing plan", "treatment plan", "discharge plan" and “action plan". While these terms refer to aspects of the care planning process, they do not include the concept of patient involvement and shared decision making, which is key to the care planning process.

What are the seven main steps in care planning? ›

Advance Care Planning: Seven Steps to Maximize Effectiveness
  • Advance Care Planning: Seven Steps to Maximize Effectiveness. ...
  • Assess your policies and procedures. ...
  • Train the entire IDT on their specific roles. ...
  • Pick a team lead. ...
  • Give the facility lead dedicated time to work. ...
  • Ensure the team lead is able to work with physicians.
14 Jul 2020

What are the 2 most common forms of advance directives? ›

There are two main elements in an advance directive—a living will and a durable power of attorney for health care. There are also other documents that can supplement your advance directive. You can choose which documents to create, depending on how you want decisions to be made.

What are the most common 3 types of advance directives? ›

Types of Advance Directives
  • The living will. ...
  • Durable power of attorney for health care/Medical power of attorney. ...
  • POLST (Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment) ...
  • Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders. ...
  • Organ and tissue donation.
13 May 2019

Who should initiate advance care planning? ›

It is often recommended that the patient's general practitioner (GP) should be the initiator of ACP [15, 16]. Continuity of care in general practice creates an opportunity for a longstanding doctor–patient relationship [17].

What are the 4 broad components of advance care planning? ›

Current thinking about advance care planning reveals it to be composed of behaviors including clarification of values; communication among patients, surrogates, and clinicians; and completion of written directives.

What are the five wishes Questions? ›

The Five Wishes
  • Wish 1: The Person I Want to Make Care Decisions for Me When I Can't. ...
  • Wish 2: The Kind of Medical Treatment I Want or Don't Want. ...
  • Wish 3: How Comfortable I Want to Be. ...
  • Wish 4: How I Want People to Treat Me. ...
  • Wish 5: What I Want My Loved Ones to Know.

When should an ACP be reviewed? ›

ACP is an iterative process and should be integrated into clinical practice and routine care. ACP plans should be reviewed regularly to ensure plans remain consistent with the person's values, beliefs and preferences for health and personal care.

When should advance care planning begin? ›

Advance care planning is an ongoing process that should begin at diagnosis and continue throughout the disease process (see Table 56-2).

When should advance care planning be initiated? ›

Advance care planning can be initiated at a number of points during a person's treatment including: when a person indicates they would like to discuss their future care and treatment. by clinicians at key points in the person's illness trajectory (such as after hospitalisation)

When did advance care planning start? ›

The first advance directive was proposed by the Euthanasia Society of America in 1967 (Glick 1991). Luis Kutner, a human-rights lawyer from Chicago who represented the society, described this concept in a 1969 article.

What are the principles of advance care planning? ›

The basic premise of ACP is that the person has the mental capacity to engage in the discussion at the time and fully understands any decision they choose to make about their future care. This is especially the case if the outcome of the discussion includes ADRT or the nomination of LPAs.

What is the advance care planning process? ›

Advance care planning is the process of planning for your current and future health care. It involves talking about your values, beliefs and preferences with your loved ones and doctors. This helps them make decisions about your care when you can't.

How an advance care plan can change over time? ›

An advance care plan is not set in stone, and you can make changes to it if your circumstances or your views change over time. It is important that you tell the healthcare team looking after you and those close to you about any changes you have made or wish to make.

What is a gold standard assessment? ›

The term gold standard refers to a benchmark that is the available under reasonable conditions. Indeed, is not the perfect test, but merely the best available one that has a standard with known results. This is especially important when faced with the impossibility of direct measurements.

What is the gold standard for dementia care? ›

Julie Holt Klinger, senior director of dementia care for Brookdale Senior Living, said a general consensus exists that person-centered practices are the gold standard for dementia care.

What is a preferred priorities for care? ›

What is preferred priorities for care (PPC)? The PPC is a written statement where you put down what your wishes and preferences are for the last few months or year of your life. It can be used to help those involved in your care understand what is important to you.

What is end of life pathway? ›

The End of Life Care Pathway is a document that leads the care plan for the final weeks of someone's life. This is a holistic, 'whole-person' approach to end of life care and dying, recommended to be used wherever someone wishes to die, whether it be a hospital, care home, or in their own home.

Why is a gold standard test important? ›

A gold standard test is a best available diagnostic test for determining whether a patient does or does not have a disease or condition. For example, a biopsy can identify breast cancer cells with good accuracy, while an autopsy are usually accurate at identifying the cause of death.

What is another word for gold standard? ›

What is another word for gold standard?
benchmarkstandard
gradetouchstone
exemplarpar
perfectionlast word
normgaugeUK
104 more rows

How do you find the gold standard? ›

How to Authenticate your Gold Standard 100% Whey - English

At what point do dementia patients need 24 hour care? ›

Late stage Alzheimer's symptoms can make a person unable to function and eventually lose control of movement. They need 24-hour care and supervision. They are unable to communicate, even to share that they are in pain, and are more vulnerable to infections, especially pneumonia.

Can someone with dementia be forced into a care home? ›

Can you force someone to move to a care home? You cannot force someone who is deemed to be of sound mind and able to care for themselves to move into a care home if they don't want to. It is vital that, throughout discussions regarding care, the person's wants and needs are addressed at all times.

Where is the best place for someone with dementia? ›

Residential care options include: Continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs)—a home, apartment, or room in a retirement community where people with Alzheimer's can live and get care. Some of these places are for people who can care for themselves, while others are for people who need care around-the-clock.

What are the 5 priorities of care? ›

Box 1. The five priorities for care
  • Recognising that someone is dying.
  • Communicating sensitively with them and others important to them.
  • Involving them and others important to them in decisions.
  • Providing support.
  • Creating an individualised plan of care and delivering it with compassion.
1 Aug 2014

What is terminal care planning? ›

This is sometimes called advance care planning, and involves thinking and talking about your wishes for how you're cared for in the final months of your life. This can include treatments you do not want to have. Planning ahead like this can help you let people know your wishes and feelings while you're still able to.

What are 4 goals for end of life care? ›

Generally speaking, people who are dying need care in four areas: physical comfort, mental and emotional needs, spiritual needs, and practical tasks.

What are the 6 stages of end of life care pathway? ›

  • The remit:
  • Step 1 Discussions as end of life approaches.
  • Step 2 Assessment, care planning and review.
  • Step 3 Coordination of care.
  • Step 4 Delivery of high quality care in care homes.
  • Step 5 Care in the last days of life.
  • Step 6 Care after death.

What hospice does not tell you? ›

Hospice providers are very honest and open, but hospice cannot tell you when the patient will die. This is not because they don't want to, it's because they can't always determine it.

Videos

1. GSF Primary Care in a Nutshell
(Gold Standards Framework)
2. Webinar - Advance care planning for health professionals
(Cancer Council Victoria)
3. Lucy Watts MBE Plenary - Gold Standards Framework Event (5th April 2019)
(Lucy Watts MBE)
4. GSF Domiciliary Care in a Nutshell
(Gold Standards Framework)
5. Chapter 1 – Gold Standards Framework programme GSF 2nd Edit
(CynthiaSpencerTV)
6. Advanced Care Planning - Understanding Goals of Care Designations (GCDS) and Conversations
(College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Alberta)
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